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Q) What type of clothes we wear in summer?
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Q) What type of clothes we wear in rainy season?
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Q) Which fabrics are stretchable, waterproof and wrinkle-free?
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Q) What is the national dress of an Indian woman?
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Q) What is the national dress of Japanese woman?
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Q) What do we require to protect our body against the weather, sunlight, cold and heat?
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Q) The thinner strands of thread are called?
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Q) The fibres obtained from plants and animals are called?
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Q) Give an example of a fibre obtained from plants?
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Q) Silk fibre is drawn from which animal?
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Q) What are Natural fibres?
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Q) What are Synthetic fibres?
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Q) How we store Clothes?
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Q) Why do we wear socks and shoes?
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Q) Write the names of two countries and their national dresses.
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Q) Explain about Natural Fibres with examples?
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Q) What are Synthetic fibres?
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Q) What is Weaving?
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Q) When we bump nylon, why it is smelt like burnt paper?
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Q) Explain briefly the process of getting yarn from the fibre.
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Q) Why do we need clothes?
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Q) Explain different types of material of clothes.
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Q) What are the differences between Natural fibres and Synthetic fibres?
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Q) Explain about the clothes we wear.
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Q) How do we care our clothes?
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Q) What is Cotton Ginning?
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Q) What is Fabric? Give the steps involved in the preparation of fabrics.
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Q) Explain how silk is obtained from the silkworm.
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Q) Write a note on the history of clothing material.
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Q) What is Sericulture? Explain the process of extracting silk from cocoons.
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- The basic necessities for human beings are food, shelter and clothing.
- Clothes guard our body from external environment. They protect us from insect bite and they make us look good.
- Depending on the climate of the place people wear different clothes. Clothes are made of different types of materials.
- Example: Cotton sari is made of cotton, Leather jacket is made of leather, Sweater is made of wool, etc.
List the types of clothes we wear in the following months:
Summer
Cotton clothes
Winter
Woollen clothes
Rainy
Rain coats
- We use fabric as a shield to protect ourselves from different weather conditions.
- Along with protection, clothes can also be a symbol of beauty and status.
- Choice of fabric may vary from person to person.
- Somebody may like to wear clothes made up of light, thin, shiny fabrics. Another person may like to wear clothes that are bright coloured and made of coarse fabrics.
- Fabrics for casual and formal wear may be different.
- Personal choice, personality of the owner and the cost of fabric are all-important factors in the selection of the perfect fabric.
- Coarse fabrics can be used for mopping and making gunny bags but not for making clothes.
| Cotton | |
| Silk |  |
| Wool | |
| Polyester |  |
| Linen |  |
- Cotton fabrics are some what thicker than polyester fabrics.
- Coarse cotton clothes are heavier.
- After washing, cotton clothes get wrinkled.
- Silk fabric is smooth to touch whereas woolens are somewhat heavier than silk fabrics.
- we are not able to put thread into the eye of the needle, either we twist the end of the thread or we wet the end using saliva.
- There are thread-like structures in the fabric. These threads are also called
"yarn." - So fabric is made up of yarn. The end of the yarn is separated into thin strands.
- This thin strand of thread is made up of still thinner strands.
These thinner strands are called
"fibers." - Every fabric is made up of yarn. If it is cotton fabric, it is made up of cotton yarn which is derived from cotton fibre. Fibre - Yarn - Fabric
- There are different kinds of fibers like cotton, wool, silk, polyester etc.
- The fibers of some fabrics such as cotton, jute are obtained from plants. Silk and wool are obtained from animals.
- The fibres that are derived from plants and animals are natural fibres.
- clothes are also made up of chemically developed yarn like polyester, terylene, nylon, acrylic etc. These are all called
"Artificial fibres."
- Cotton fibre is obtained from cotton plants that grow in black soil in a warm climate.
- In India, cotton is grown in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh.
- The cotton plant bears fruits about the size of a lemon, called
"cotton balls." The balls are full of seeds and cotton fibre. - They burst open when they are ripe. The cotton fibres are collected by hand from the ripe cotton balls. This process is called "picking."
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- Next, the cotton fibres are separated from the seeds by combing them. This is known as ginning.
- Earlier, ginning was done by hand, but now a days, a machine is used.
- Jute fibre comes from jute plants, which are mainly grown in places that have high temperatures and plenty of rainfall. Jute is cultivated during the rainy season.
- In India, jute is cultivated in West Bengal, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh and Tripura.
- The jute plant is generally harvested when it is in the flowering stage.
- The stems of jute plants are soaked in water for a few days until they start rotting.
- Then the fibres are separated by hand from the rotting stems.
- Once the fibres have been obtained, they are made into yarn by twisting the strands together.
- This process of making yarn from fibre is called spinning.
- Not just jute, even cotton, silk and other fibres are spun to convert them into yarn. Machines are used for spinning yarn on a large scale.
- Fabrics like khadi are made by spinning yarn on hand operated devices like charkhas and taklis.
- Cotton, jute, wool and silk are some common examples of natural fibres.
- In this section,Cotton is obtained from cotton balls or cotton fruits.
- Usually cotton plants are cultivated in black soil.
- In our state, cotton crop is widely grown in districts like Prakasam and Adilabad, Nalgonda and most of the districts of Telangana region.
- Look at the Andhra Pradesh map and list out the places where cotton is grown.
- Remove seeds from the cotton balls and separate cotton.
- Take a small piece of cotton; it using a magnifying lens or under a microscope.
- You will see small hairy structures. These are the fibres of cotton.
- After maturing, cotton balls burst and open. Then we can see white coloured strands of cotton fibre.
- Cotton is usually picked by hands. When cotton wool is separated from seeds, it is called "ginning."
- Cotton fibre is collected after removing the seeds from the cotton ball.
- This cotton fibre is cleaned, washed and combed. This fine cotton fibre is used to make cotton yarn.
- Yarns are dyed and coated with chemicals.Then they become strong enough to make fabrics.
- Take coconut leaves or two different colour paper strips.
- Cut and remove middle vein of the leaf to get two halves.
- Now put these strips parallel to each other .
- Take one more strip and insert horizontally and alternately between the vertical strips.
- Finally you will get a sheet like structure. This is the way a mat is prepared.
- In the same manner, weave a paper sheet by using paper strips.
Conversion of Yarn to Fabric:
- For the conversion of yarn to fabric two main processes are used.
- They are:
- Weaving and
- Knitting.
- Weaving is the process of arranging two sets of yarns together perpendicular to each other to make a fabric.
- Fabrics are woven on looms.
- These looms may be operated by power or by hand.
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- Knitting is a process that makes use of a single yarn to make a piece of fabric.
- While knitting, a single yarn is used to make a piece of fabric.
- That is why, if you pull a single yarn from a torn woolen garment, it keeps unraveling.
- Knitting can be done by hand or on machines.
- Coconut fibre can be woven into fabric called coir. Coir is too rough to be made into garments.
- It is mostly used to make doormats, carpets and other flooring material.
- Silk cotton is obtained from kapok tree.
- The fruits of this tree contain fibres. These fibres are light and fluffy.
- Silk cotton is used commonly used as stuffing in pillows, sleeping bags and life jackets.
- Another important plant fibre is hemp. Hemp fibre is obtained from the stems of hemp plant.
- It is mostly used to make ropes, carpets, clothes, papers and nets.
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